- Inhibit the viral membrane M2 matrix proteins that function ashydrogen ion channels. These channels are required for thefusion of viral membrane to host cell membrane to form endosomes via endocytosis. These channels are also required to provide acidic environment necessary for viral uncoating.
- Interferes with the release of new virions.
Adverse effects:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Dyspepsia
- Abdominal pain
- Xerostamia
- Anorexia
- Headache
- Insomnia
- Taste alterations
- Impaired concentrations
- Nervousness
- Dizziness
- Asthenia
- Ataxia
- Bronchospasms
- Depression
- Skin rash
- Tinnitus
- Cardiac failure
- Heart block
Therapeutic uses:
- Prophylaxis and treatment of influenza A
Pharmacokinetics:
- Rapid gastrointestinal absorption after oral administration, with 6 hours duration to achieve peak blood concentration
- Does not readily penetrate CNS through blood-brain barrier compared to amantadine, thus less CNS adverse effects
- 40% bounded to plasma proteins, mainly albumin
- Extensive hepatic metabolism
- Renal excretion
Drug interactions:
- Live influenza virus vaccines
Special precautions:
- Renal impairment
- Hepatic impairment
- Epileptic or other seizure disorders patients
- Psychosis
- Pregnancy
- Elderly
Contraindications:
- Hypersensitivity
Adminidstration:
- Oral
Pregnancy class:
- C
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